Media and Its Effects on Gender Stereotypes Essay -- Media Stereotypin

In addressing the question it is first necessary to understand what is meant by 'mass media'. The Collins English Dictionary defines mass media as "the means of communication that reach large numbers of people in a short time, such as television, newspapers, magazines, and radio" (Collins English Dictionary 5th edition, 2000, pp 957). This therefore suggests that any medium that conveys information to the people is categorised as mass media. By looking at two forms of media, this essay will examine how much the media can be charged with causing and further exaggerating gender-based stereotypes in society. The forms of the media in which this essay will examine will be advertising, in particular the way masculinity is portrayed within television and magazines. The second form of media to be examined will be soap operas and will examine representation and audience reception within the soap genre. When starting an advertising campaign the writer in general follows the premise that sex sells and automatically asserts themselves into a manipulative model, a Marxist perspective which views of society as being divided by class and being ruled by those in control (i.e. bourgeois) who have the financial ability behind them. Because these people have become so financially powerful they are able to force their beliefs and opinion on others therefore legitimising their control. With this control of what is portrayed in their media takes away free thought of the viewer (i.e. proletariat). the images or texts that are portrayed to a passive audience, is that of a sexual or gender biased content. In her work Forever Feminine: Women's ... ... Although it is still unclear as to whether the media perpetuates gender stereotyping it is clear however that it is responsible for creating its own sets of stereotypes. Bibliography Giddens, A. Sociology, 4th Edition, 2001, Polity Press, UK Haralambos, M. Holborn, M. 4th Edition, 1995, Collins Educational, London Kirkby, M. Kidd,W et al, 1st Edition, 1997, Heinemann Educational Publishers, Oxford. References ----------------------------------------------------------------- Collins English Dictionary 5th Edition, 2000, HarperCollins Publishers, Glasgow. Hall, S. Representation Cultural Representation and Signifying Practices, 1st Edition, 1997, The Open University & Sage Publications, UK. Trowler, P. Investigating Mass Media, 2nd Edition, 1996, HarperCollins Publishers, London.

Is the Port Authority Helping or Getting in the Way? Essay

The debate continues in Cleveland over the best use of our lakefront. For almost two centuries the lakefront in Cleveland has been mostly industry. Here, like in other cities, we want recreational access to the lakefront. The Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority plays a major role in increasing recreational opportunities in downtown Cleveland in two ways: first, it owns a good part of the lakefront (the number one source of land for recreation.); and second, it occupies much of its own land or leases it for industrial purposes. So, therefore, the port authority is one of the major players in the decision of where and how to put recreation along the lakefront. As with anything it is important to understand the past before we can understand the present. I have found a time line dating to 1818 that documents this history. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1818: The first steamboat on Lake Erie arrived in Cleveland. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1828: To improve shipping between the Great Lakes and the Ohio & Erie Canal, a new shipping channel – the current mouth of the Cuyahoga River – was cut to allow the river to flow directly into Lake Erie. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1849: A pier was built at the foot of Water Street (West 9th Street). à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1851: The Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Railroad opened the first Cleveland depot on the lakefront at West 9th Street. By 1853, railroads constructed six piers east of the Cuyahoga River. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1852: The first shipment of ore for smelting iron arrived in Cleveland from Marquette. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1870s: Construction of a breakwater began in the 1870s to protect Cleveland’s harbor area. The United States Congress authorized funds for breakwater construction in 1875, 1886, 1896 and 1902. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1912: The New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio Railroad opened an ore dock on fill placed along the lakefront on the north side of Whiskey Island to handle iron ore for Cleveland’s flourishing steel industry. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1913: The East 9th Street pier opened to provide passenger ferry service between Cleveland and Detroit and Buffalo. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1940: The United States Coast Guard Station opened on the eastern end of Whiskey Island at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1959: The St. Lawrence Seaway opened providing access between Great Lakes Ports, including Cleveland, and international markets. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1968: The Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority was established to operate Cleveland’s publicly owned lakefront docks. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1970s: The Port Authority purchased land from several entities between the mouth of the Cuyahoga River and West 3rd Street in anticipation of the construction of an ore dock for Republic Steel that ultimately was built in Lorain. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1978: The Port Authority received Foreign Trade Zone designation for part of Dock 20. This federal designation now extends to the entire dock area. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1986: The State of Ohio and the City of Cleveland began construction of a seven acre inner harbor between Dock 32 and East 9th Street. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1998: The Port Authority purchased the ore dock on Whiskey Island from Conrail to ensure the continued availability of ore deliveries at the lowest costs for local steel making operations.1 As you can see our port has a deep rooted history in our community and in our economy. Also, our port has some special features; for instance we have deep water docks allowing us to have large freighters come into our port. Additionally, our port is a destination port in that most of the goods that come in through the port are going somewhere within fifty miles of the dock. Lastly, our Cleveland Bulk Terminal (CBT)2 is amazing in that it has 1850 linear feet of dock with a loop track for ship to rail distribution. A couple of years ago the company removed the giant and obsolete huletts that used to unload the ships into trains, relying now on self-unloading equipment on ships. Trucks are not used because there is no haul road. This summer Oglebay Norton is hoping to bring the automatic loading equipment from the Lorain Pellet Terminal to enable easier re-loading of ships for International Steel Group. Through all of the current turmoil about the port it has been trying to exonerate it’s self and improve its image. The dispute has brought up two alternatives for the port; one is to leave the port as it is and make Whisky Island into a park; the second is to put the section of the port on the east bank of the river on Whisky Island and make the east bank area a park. Both are controversial as there are the Friends of Whisky Island who want the Island to become a park; while the port wants to just exist downtown. Some people believe that the port should go away all together. They don’t realize that the ships bring goods from overseas, and those goods come into the city’s factories, which either package them or make other products from them. Then, the factories ship the products out to be sold, thus, promoting trade and economic growth in the city of Cleveland and the whole country. As I mentioned before, the port is just striving to exist in downtown Cleveland. This is because of the deep water docks I also mentioned earlier the deep water docks are unique on the great lakes and very important to our economy. If the port were to be moved very far from its current locale there could be great expense taken to dredge a new location in an attempt to recreate deep water docks. In the current debate NOACA is the main intermediary; NOACA has set up a team of four city planners, one of which is from the city planning commission and three outside counsels, who have been holding meetings in different neighborhoods that might be affected and are taking in ideas. Many people like the idea to move the port to the west bank and free up land on the east, although it is unlikely. Thus, I can safely conclude, that the port is one of the biggest players in what will happen to our lakefront. It can either move or stay put. Although, it just wants to continue to exist and are continuously embellishing their own cause to make people think they are important. They are really important to recreation and our economy because they own the land and promote trade and economic growth. The port is a necessity and here to stay. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.citizensvision.org/friends-wi/plans/portplan.htm; â€Å"Port Authority Master Plan†; http://planning.city.cleveland.oh.us/lakefront/; â€Å"Lakefront Plan†; http://www.greatlakes-seaway.com/en/ports/portofcleveland.html; â€Å"Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway System: Port of Cleveland†; Ehle, Jay C., William D. Ellis, Nancy A. Schneider; Cleveland’s Harbor: The Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority; Kent, Ohio and London, England; The Kent State University Press; (c)1996 1 http://urban.csuohio.edu/forum/waterways/portactivites/index.htm 2 The Cleveland Bulk Terminal is operated by Oglebay Norton Terminals Inc.; a division of the Oglebay Norton Company.

the primary language of the designated Essays

the primary language of the designated Essays the primary language of the designated Essay the primary language of the designated Essay The Primary Language of the Designated Name: Institution: Date: The Primary Language of the Designated Part A Summary of the Country and its Language Mexico borders the US on the north, the Pacific Ocean on the west and south, the Caribbean Sea on the southeast, and the Gulf of Mexico on the east. It is one of the most populous countries in the world, with an estimated population of 112,975,406. About 78% of the population lives in urban areas. The main cities in the country include Mexico City, which is the capital and which has a population of more than nineteen million people, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, and Tijuana. Mexico was one of the countries colonized by Spain in the sixteenth century. The colonization by Spain had a tremendous effect in the country’s language. The main ethnic group in the country is the Mestizo, making up 60% of the population. The mestizos are Amerindian, Spanish populations. The main language spoken in the country is Spanish, which is spoken by more than 90% of the population, making it the largest country in the world where Spanish is spoken. There are other indigenous languages such as Na huati and Mayan, spoken in different parts of the country (CIA, 2012). Mexico regained her independence from Spain in the nineteenth century. By this time, Spain had a major influence in the culture and language of Mexico. Development of the Spanish language in Spain and Mexico was different, and there are some differences in both verbal and written Spanish, between the Spanish spoken in Spain and the Mexican Spanish. Mexican Spanish has influences from the indigenous languages and the US English in addition, Mexicans use some Spanish words, which are considered outdated by European Spanish. These elements influence the differences between Mexican Spanish and European Spanish. Description of Ferraro’s Model of High Context and Low Context Language The context in the area of communication matters depending on whether a particular region is high context or low context. High context languages are implicit, and many words are unspoken. Verbal messages do not make a lot of meaning in the absence of non-verbal messages, because of the importance assigned to the environment or the context when a person is speaking. People will tend to associate the words they use with different elements such as religion, culture, history, relationships, and status. There is a lot of indirect communication from people using high context languages. The language lies more towards building relationships, rather than doing business and fulfilling the immediate agenda. This is unlike the low context languages, which are explicit and nothing is hidden. The low context languages assign meaning to every word. People speaking these languages mean what they say. They will have many words to describe what they want in definite terms. Thus, a person using a low c ontext language will tend to use more words to describe an event or situation than a person using high context language will. Assessment of the Language in Terms of the Model Mexico is a high context culture and the language spoken is high culture. The people complement their verbal communication with non-verbal communication to make their meaning clear. The importance of forming relationships, even in business settings, means that people avoid using words such as ‘no’ and other negatives directly because they are considered rude. When a person is not interested in an offer, he or she tries to look for the right words to use. Moreover, Mexicans tend to avoid being direct on issues, and a direct answer is not warranted. Although the Spanish spoken in Mexico is a high context language, it tends to use more words than the English language. This is because of several reasons such as the need for the person to express himself emotionally and deeply in an attempt to create more meaning, the use of gendered language, and the fact that the language is not easy to adapt (Devlyn Moulton, 2010). Conclusion and Discussion on Factors for the Conclusion Mexican language exhibits both elements present in both high and low context languages. However, the language is more of a high context language, because the Mexicans have high context cultures. They are expressive and emotional, and they do this in a bid to form and maintain relationships. However, their need for expression leads them to use many words, a factor that is more common among low context languages. . Part B Social Habits and Behaviors The urban population in Mexico has become increasingly westernized. This population uses Spanish as well as English when communicating. Most of the people will combine the two languages when speaking. However, they continue to retain elements of their culture, which are not familiar or readily accepted in America. For instance, the idea of closeness is important to them. Mexicans are not as individualistic as Americans are, and they do not have the concept of personal space. It is common to see two men talking together when they are in proximity. Non-Verbal Communications and Factors Identified Non-verbal communication comprises a major part of the communication process, yet many people hardly pay any attention to it. People use non-verbal communication to emphasize a point, show their lack of understanding or agree with the person, and as a means of substituting for words. In some cases, non-verbal communication indicates the power that a person holds. For instance, people in authority will look at their subordinates directly when speaking to them. A subordinate may find it hard to look at his or her employer directly. People communicate in different ways using non-verbal expressions. This happens in the gestures they make, in their body postures, in their proximity towards the person they are communicating with, the expression in their eyes, and in their facial expressions. People are able to gauge the other person’s degree of interest in what they are saying by observing their body posture and facial expression. Some of the gestures are common across many cultures , but others tend to have entirely different meanings. It is essential to understand the meaning of different gestures and other non-verbal communication to avoid miscommunication (West Turner, 2010). Mexicans make use of non-verbal communication such as gestures, eye contact, and facial expression. Cultural Traits regarding use of Gestures, Touching, and Eye Contact Mexicans avoid looking at each other directly when they are communicating. This shows a sign of aggression and confrontation depending on the context. It can also be a sign of flirting, especially if done by a member of the opposite sex. Mexicans will avoid direct eye contact as a sign of respect. Many Americans maintain eye contact when communicating, as a way of showing interest and understanding. Power distance is a crucial factor when communicating. Mexicans tend to have a shorter power distance compared to Americans. They stand closer to each other when communicating. When Americans fail to understand this, they might take it to mean that the Mexicans do not respect their personal space. Touching is widely accepted in Mexico. People use touch as a sign of welcome, whether it is through an embrace or a pat on the back. However, the urban population has become more aware of the differences in other cultures, and it is common to see people in professional settings shake their hands instead of embracing (Centre for Intercultural Learning, 2009). Summary and Recommendation It is essential to understand the various cultural elements and meaning behind non-verbal communications in different cultures. This will help a person avoid embarrassing situations and communicate more effectively. Moreover, it is vital to interpret non-verbal communication in the context of verbal communication to enhance understanding (West Turner, 2010).

Online MBA Project Management Programs Essays

Online MBA Project Management Programs Essays Online MBA Project Management Programs Essay Online MBA Project Management Programs Essay Becoming a great project manager requires special education, just like the one you can get from an online MBA project management program. Before getting to know little bit more about project management, it’s important to make a difference between overall management functions, but on individual project management. This program focuses more on managing, defining and reaching the goals of a project. An online MBA project management degree includes work in quality management, project procurement management, quality management, risk management, team dynamics and control and planning. What does it cover? If this was your next question, than the answer is: everything related to managing projects. It tends to reach out the goals and basis which all organizations and businesses run. In order to deliver a product or service, employees together with the project managers need to work together to maintain the business level or increase it. Online MBA project management students will learn the three simple steps how to finalize a project. This includes: breaking down the project into focus parts, focusing on the main definition, execution. These students will get the chance to work with many professionals, lead people through the whole project process and allocate the resources in order to complete it. If you are one of those people who are working for some company and decided to increase its role, than you should apply to get an online MBA project management degree. This is also for those who want to increase their chances into getting this role before they apply for this position in a company. Getting into this program is easy if you meet all requirements. The students must own a bachelor degree from an institution that has been accredited. The average grade point must be 3.0 or higher, but some depending on the school this number can vary. If you don’t have a bachelor business degree, you have to complete some courses before beginning with an online MBA project management program. These courses include: Business Law and Ethics Foundations of Business Financial Accounting Principles of Management For getting the proper information about a school you are about to apply for this program, you must visit their official website. Some schools require GMAT scores and some don’t. You will be asked to send recommendation letters and essays along with your application. What are the benefits from getting online MBA project management degree? As any other online MBA degree, this too has its own benefits. Increased role at work or bigger possibility for employing stands as the biggest possibilities. Different MBA degree means different position for you and with project management you can reach: IT Project Manager: Person who is responsible for developing the budget, schedule, requirements and even policies for IT projects. Web Content Project Manager: They are responsible for the website content. Gathering information to value and use it is their second nature. They use the reader feedback in order to evaluate the needs and implement changes. Project Manager: Everyone who is in management wants to become a project manager. These people have the biggest responsibility for a project. This means planning, executing and monitoring the whole project process. Project managers are focusing in organizing the budget, staying within it, maintaining the main goals, and meeting the deadlines.

Short and Quick Activities for the ESL Classroom

Short and Quick Activities for the ESL Classroom All teachers are probably familiar with this situation: Its five minutes before your next class is going to begin and you really dont know what to do. Or maybe this situation is familiar; youve finished your lesson and there are still ten minutes left to go. These short, helpful activities can be used in those situations when you could use a good idea to help get the class started, or fill those inevitable gaps. 3 Favorite Short Classroom Activities My Friend...? I like to draw a picture of a man or a woman on the board. This usually gets a few laughs as my drawing skills leave quite a lot to be desired. Anyway, the point of this exercise is that you ask students questions about this mystery person. Begin with: What is his / her name? and go from there. The only rule that applies is that students have to pay attention to what other students say so that they can give reasonable answers based on what other students have said. This is a great little exercise to review tenses. The crazier the story becomes the better, and more communicative, the activity is for the students. Short Topic Writing The idea of this exercise is to get students to quickly write about a topic they choose (or you assign). These short presentations are then used in two manners; to generate spontaneous conversations on a wide range of topics, and to take a look at some common writing problems. Use the following subjects and ask students to write a paragraph or two about a subject they choose, give them about five to ten minutes to write: The best thing to happen to me todayThe worst thing to happen to me todaySomething funny that happened to me this weekWhat I really hate!What I really like!My favorite thingA surprise I hadA landscapeA buildingA monumentA museumA memory from childhoodMy best friendMy boss Music Description Choose a short piece or excerpt of music you like (I prefer something by the French composers Ravel or Debussy) and tell the students to relax and listen to the music. Tell them to let their imaginations run free. After you have listened to the piece twice, ask them to describe what they were thinking about or what they imagined while they were listening to the music. Ask them why they had those particular thoughts.

Mice and Men Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mice and Men - Movie Review Example r Lewis Milestone unveils the psychological reason behind the strange friendship between two individuals and leads the audience to the hidden reason behind the tragedy in the end. In the film, the director portrays the strange relationship between George Milton and Lennie Small. One can see that this relationship is strange due to the reason that George Milton is an intelligent individual but Lennie is a mentally challenged individual. To be specific, their characters are not identical, but different. On the other side, both of them were migrants who wished to survive the Great Depression in America. At the same time, both these characters possessed the same aim, to own a piece of land. In addition, this dream or ultimate aim helped them to accept hardships in their life as a challenge. Psychologically, George is a strong person. On the other side, Lennie is mentally weak and physically strong, but attracted towards soft things in life. His life revolves around soft things. On the other side, George is workaholic and his ultimate aim is to own a piece of land. The psychological reason behind the friendship is that George is in search of an apt companion who c an understand him and his dreams. On the other side, Lennie is in search of a guide in his life. As he is mentally challenged, he needs an individual who can save him from critical situations in life. The difference in their characters and their ultimate aim acts the role of a psychological link which connects them. One can see that the director makes use of these differences in attitude towards life and physical and mental strength/weakness to link the main characters in the film. In the film, the director attempts to unveil the hidden reason behind the tragedy faced by George Milton and Lennie Small. For instance, George is aware of the fact that Lennie cannot live without his help. Besides, both of them are aiming to attain the same end result, i.e., to own a piece of land. George tries his level best to

Adoption process Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Adoption process - Research Paper Example The process is grueling and requires the completion of paper works which requires the evaluation of both the child’s and the foster parents background thus determining a common ground between the two parties. Additionally, the agreement requires the permission from the biological parents of the child who in this case must surrender all their parenting responsibilities and rights to the new parents. Adoption is a serious process that requires appropriate consideration of all the possible factors including the effects of the process on the child before inception as the essay below analyzes. The process differs from guardianship in that unlike in guardianship where one assumes the parenting rights and responsibilities for a period; in adoption, the transfer is permanent and irreversible. Guardianship occurs when a relation or a Good Samaritan offers to take care of a child for a specific duration before they either return the child to their biological parents or release them as a dults into the society (Jarratt 211). This is not the case in an adoption process since the transfer is permanent and the adopted children have specific privileges that parents accord their biological children. Such rights and privileges include the right to love, affection and fair treatment from the parents. Additionally, the children share equal inheritance rights from the adopting parents. The government safeguards such rights in the constitution thus giving adopted children an advantage in case of a contravention of any of such rights. Adoption is a contemporary necessity resulting from lifestyle relativities. Parents have varying reasons for adopting children. Among the most common reasons given by adopting parents, include the failure of such couples to have children. Such parents may therefore make the decision to adopt a child from any parent within the society willing to relinquish their biological parental rights. Despite the process being an agreement between the two par ties, the legislations safeguard the agreement by providing details that each party to ascribe to in order to maintain the subsequent conflict of interests that arise because of the complications of the process. In most cases, the government always denies certain parents their parenting rights in cases where the parents portray negligence. The state houses such children in homes and orphanages thus making the available for adoptions. Another fundamental reason that has contributed to the rise of adoption in the contemporary society is same sex marriages (Silverstein and Roszia 41). The rise of gay marriages has contributed to the increase of adoption cases since such parents cannot biologically bear children of their own. In retrospect, adoption is a personal decision that couples make on their own. In certain cases, the adopting parents always have children of their own but for reasons best known to them decide to adopt other children. The law therefore establishes the process and nature of adoption in order to protect the interests of each party involved in the adoption process. The adopted children must for example feel the parental love from their new parents and have their right and privileges protected. N case of a separation of the couples, the law explains whatever happens to the children owing to the fact that they are part of the family. The parents must provide for them despite their separations. There are two main types of adoption applicable in the modern societies. These include domestic and foreign adoptions. Domestic adoption refers to an adoption in which both the adopted child and the adopting paren